Present perfect tense
Present Perfect Tense
The word 'perfect ' tells us that the action is complete.
( 'perfect ' शब्द में यह हमें बताता है कि कार्य पूरा हो चुका है |)
Definition :----
That from a verb which shows that an action has just been completed is called the present perfect tense
(Verb का वह रूप जो दिखाता है कि कार्य अभी अभी हुआ है उससे present perfect tense कहते है |)
In the present perfect tense, the verb is used in the past participle forms. Either "have " or "has " is used in front of it as a helping verb. for example .
( Present perfect tense मैं क्रिया (verb) का प्रयोग past participle के रूप में होता है क्रिया से पूर्व have ओर has का प्रयोग सहायक क्रिया ( helping verb ) के रूप में किया जाता है| )
उदाहरण के लिए---
The child has eaten a biscuit .
The boys have gone to school.
In the present perfect tense, the verb is used in the past participle forms. Either "have " or "has " is used in front of it as a helping verb. for example .
( Present perfect tense मैं क्रिया (verb) का प्रयोग past participle के रूप में होता है क्रिया से पूर्व have ओर has का प्रयोग सहायक क्रिया ( helping verb ) के रूप में किया जाता है| )
उदाहरण के लिए---
The child has eaten a biscuit .
The boys have gone to school.
Recognize :-
हिंदी वाक्य के अंत में ......... ....... चुका है /चुकी है / चुके हैं /दिया है/ दिया है /ली है / दी है / की है / आ है/ ई है / ए है आदि का प्रयोग होता है
Example:-
(A) सुनीता घूम चुकी है | (B) सीता आ गयी है |
(C) लोग घुम लिये हैं | (D) मैंने किताब ली है
Adverbs :-------
Already , just, just now ,yet , ever , never , so far ,till , till now , recently , lately , this day , this Week , this month , this year , Since ( point of time ) ,for ( period of time)
Note ----
"Yet " is used in negative sentence and question .
" Ever" is generally used in interrogative sentences.
Ever is used just before the main verb of the sentences.
"Never" or so far are used in negative sentences.
Helping verb :-
There are two helping verb of present perfect tense .
(1) Has. (2) Have
> use of " Has " with He , She, It , Name and singular noun
> use of "Have" with I , We, You , They and plural noun.
Verb :--
Main verb = third form (past participle )
Eg -
1st. 2nd. 3rd
Write. wrote Written
Go. Went. Gone
Work. worked. Worked
Cut. Cut. Cut
See. Saw. Seen
Eat. Ate. Eaten
Usage of :--------
1} It expresses an action completed but the result of which is still prevalent .
Present perfect tense का प्रयोग भूतकाल में घटित ऐसी घटनाओं के लिए होता है जो किसी प्रकार से वर्तमान से संबंधित होती है |
E.g - (a) I have Shifted to Jaipur. ( i live there now )
(b) I have lost my exercise book .
2} it expresses an action beginning at some point in the past continuouing to the present . In this case "since " is used fir point of time and "for" is used for duration of time e.g.
जब कोई कार्य भूतकाल से वर्तमान तक जारी रहा है तो present perfect tense का प्रयोग होते हैं
(a) She has lived for ten years.
(b) I have known him since 1990.
3} It is also used for action or experience which took place in the past but this action or experience is effect at the present moment.
ऐसी कार्य या अनुभव के लिए भी प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस का प्रयोग होता है जो भूतकाल में हुआ हूं पर इसका प्रभाव वर्तमान समय में दिखाई देता है
(a) He has cut his finger .
(b) I have seen Agra twice.
Note ------
(b) I have lost my exercise book .
2} it expresses an action beginning at some point in the past continuouing to the present . In this case "since " is used fir point of time and "for" is used for duration of time e.g.
जब कोई कार्य भूतकाल से वर्तमान तक जारी रहा है तो present perfect tense का प्रयोग होते हैं
(a) She has lived for ten years.
(b) I have known him since 1990.
3} It is also used for action or experience which took place in the past but this action or experience is effect at the present moment.
ऐसी कार्य या अनुभव के लिए भी प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस का प्रयोग होता है जो भूतकाल में हुआ हूं पर इसका प्रभाव वर्तमान समय में दिखाई देता है
(a) He has cut his finger .
(b) I have seen Agra twice.
Note ------
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